background: about 15% of couples have infertility problems which 40% of them are related to the male factors. genetic factors are candidate for about 10% of male infertility conditions. among these, azfa, azfb, azfc and azfd regions on the yq are considered most important for spermatogenesis. microdeletions of these regions are thought to be involved in some cases of azoospermic or oligospermic...

background cervical cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in under-developed countries. human papilloma virus (hpv) 16 and 18 are the most prevalent types associated with carcinogenesis in the cervix. conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr), type-specific and consensus primer-based pcr followed by sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) or hybridization by sp...

conclusions all the bacterial isolates were associated with a high resistance to various antibiotics and this resistant pattern could be confirmed by detection of a particular gene for each bacterium. objectives this study examined bacteremia in cancer patients from two medical centers regarding isolates and spectrum of antibiotic resistance pattern. patients and methods this was a prospective ...

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed for detection and characterization of pathogenic Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea and edema disease in swine. The mPCR assay was designed as a single reaction for detecting 5 different adhesins (K88, K99, 987P, F41, and F18), 3 enterotoxins (LT, STaP, and STb), and the Shiga toxin (Stx2e) associated with porcine pathogenic E. ...

background: considering that there was not any regional survey in isfahan, iran regarding the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in different age groups of general population, the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic feature of artis in isfahan using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study,pati...

objectives the objective of this study was to develop the primers for single and/or multiplex pcr amplification assays for simultaneous identification of class a, class b, and class d carbapenem hydrolyzing β-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae and then to evaluate their efficiency. conclusions we have reported here a reliable method, composed of single and multiplex pcr assays, for screening all ...

conclusions the determination of serotype and surface proteins of gbs strains distribution would ‎be ‎relevant ‎for the future possible formulation of a gbs vaccine. patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, a total of 100 gbs strains isolated from 237 pregnant and 413 non-pregnant women were investigated for molecular capsular serotypes and surface protein genes using the multiplex p...

Citrus trees harbor a large number of viral and bacterial pathogens. Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV), Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV), Citrus yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and a bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLa) associated with huanglongbing (HLB) disease, the most prevalent pathogens in citrus orchards of different regions in India and ...

BACKGROUND Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is implicated as a possible cause of Crohn's disease. However, due to lack of an appropriate diagnostic method, this has been a subject of significant controversy. Our aim was therefore to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) for the detection of M. paratuberculosis DNA in Crohn's disease tissue. METHODS Biopsy samples were collected b...