This paper describes the muon identification method and its performance in the Belle experiment at KEKB. Muon and hadron likelihood are calculated for each track using its range and transverse scattering in the KL-and-muon detector (KLM). We apply a cut on the normalized muon likelihood Lm to identify the track as a muon. Above the detection threshold of 0:6 GeV=c; the measured muon detection e...

The Muon Tracking Detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment allows the measurement of muon directions up to 700 m from the shower center. It means, that nearly all muons produced in a shower and surviving to the ground level are subject of investigation. It is important not only for studying mean muon production heights but also for investigations of EAS muon pseudorapidity distributions. These...

Performance characteristics of different approaches to muon tomography depend critically on the nature of the targets to be imaged and the flux of cosmic ray muons available at the site to be studied. To a reasonable approximation, the zenith angle θ and muon energy or momentum pμ dependences of the flux are similar at all potential tomography sites but the total muon flux does depend on site e...

The Level-1 Muon Trigger Interface (MUCTPI) to the Central Trigger Processor (CTP) receives trigger information from the detector-specific logic of the muon trigger. This information contains up to two muon-track candidates per sector. The MUCTPI combines the information of all sectors and calculates total multiplicity values for each of six programmable pT thresholds. It avoids double counting...

Similar to the electron, the muon is an elementary particle classified as a lepton with a negative charge and half-spin. Naturally-occurring muons are created due to cosmic rays and travel at relativistic speeds and thus feel the effects of time dilation. Due to this the lifetime of the muon is heavily dependent on the speed at which it is moving. We will discuss the lifetime and decay of the m...

Backgrounds arising from muon decay at a 4 TeV muon collider are summarized, and some implications for a muon collider detector are discussed. Ideas on how to cope with the significant background levels are also described.

A muon collider as well as a neutrino factory requires a large number of muons with a kinetic energy of 50GeV or more. Muon survival demands a high gradient linac. The large transverse and longitudinal emittance of the muon beam coming from a muon cooling system implies the need for a large acceptance, acceleration system. These two requirements point clearly to a linac based on superconducting...

Muon Colliders would usher in a new era of scientific investigation in the field of high energy particle physics. The cooling of muon beams is proving to be the greatest obstacle in the realization of a Muon Collider. Monte Carlo simulations of a muon cooling scheme based on Frictional Cooling were performed. Critical issues, which require further study, relating to the technical feasibility of...

A possibility to search for T-violation in neutrino oscillation with the use of muon polarization is studied. The sensitivity to T-violation is examined with different muon polarization as a function of muon energy and long-baseline distances.

Underground muon events detected by the MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso have been studied for different purposes. The studies include the vertical muon intensity measurement, multiplicity distribution, lateral and angular muon distribution and searches for substructures inside muon bundles. These analyses have contributed to bring new insights in cosmic ray physics, in particular in the framewor...