introduction: one of the major contributing factors, which may cause failure of endodontic treatment, is the presence of residual microorganisms in the root canal system. for years, most dentists have been using calcium hydroxide (ch) as the intracanal medicament between treatment sessions to eliminate remnant microorganisms. reducing the size of ch particles into nanoparticles enhances the pen...

background: mdm2 (murine double minute2) is an oncoprotein that inhibits the p53 activity. overexpression of mdm2 gene has been reported in several human tumors. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of 40-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism on the promoter of mdm2 and susceptibility to breast cancer in a sample of iranian population. methods: this case-control study wa...

background: leishmaniasis has been identified as a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. the present study was aimed to investigate antileishmanial effects of various extracts of berberis vulgaris also its active com-poenent, berberine against leishmania tropica and l. infantum species on in vitro ex-periments. methods : in this study in vitro antileishmanial activ...