or the past three decades, the benefits of beta-blockers ave been investigated in patients surviving acute myocarial infarction (AMI). Thanks to pioneering studies such as hose in Scandinavia (timolol) (1), North America propranolol—Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial [BHAT]) 2), and Europe (atenolol—First International Study of nfarct Survival [ISIS-I]) (3), a very compelling case was ade by the m...

the brain edema is one of remarkable injuries after traumatic brain injuries (tbi). the common treatments for limiting edema are included mannitol, barbiturates, corticosteroids, hyperventilation and central nervous system derange. the most of these treatments for edema is problematic. for example, mannitol can be effective for the short period of time (24 hours) after brain injuries but is not...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the major causes of severe disability and death in the entire world that accidents are mentioned as main factors of it. tbi lead to primary and secondary injuries.  primary injuries are created immediately after accidents or bleeding but the secondary injuries are created by complicated process of cellular and molecular responses following primary injury a...

[no abstract available]

background: postoperative periorbital edema and ecchymosis are common after rhinoplasty. we studied the effect of local injection of lidocaine/adrenaline immediately before osteotomy on prevention of post-operative periorbital edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. m aterials and methods: thirty healthy candidates for rhinoplasty were enrolled in the self-controlled clinical trial study. lidocain...