in public ceremonies, some of the deepest collective memories of the city are being shaped. in safavid era, feasts and funerals; which were either celebration of iranian old traditions or shiite rituals, provided some of the most memorable scenes in public life of the city. this has been mentioned frequently in itineraries and travelogues - both iranians and foreigners. these ceremonies gradual...

there is always a meaning concealed behind functional aspects of any physical structure. this covert meaning is tranfered to the user or observer of the phenomena and forms his perception. studying the perception of the visitors towards the visited structure is considered useful in several research fields. in tourism context, visitors’ perception towards visited destination is obliged as a sign...

extended abstract 1. introduction currently the study of urban exhausted tissues is one of the major issues in urban policies as well as the contemporary urban planning in iran. lack of attention to exhausted tissues results in the growth of these tissues and the remove of local residents from these areas over time. therefore, the problem of identifying the type of exhausted tissues based on ap...

introduction this study is dealt with the environmental planning from a bio-cybernetic and hierarchical systems viewpoint within the context of landscape ecology. this viewpoint requires not only knowledge of the science of ecology but also ecological wisdom in order to recognize the place of humankind in nature. the conceptual and practical approach which is provided will help landscape planne...