The term ‘thermal flux’ implies a Maxwellian distribution of velocity and energy corresponding to the most probable velocity of 2200 m s−1 at 293.4 K. In order to measure the thermal neutron flux density, the foil activation method was used. Thermal neutron flux determination in paraffin phantom by counting the emitted rays of indium foils with two different detectors (Geiger– Muller counter an...

This thesis is an interdisciplinary investigation of small animals consisting of two parts. First, a comparison of NaI(Tl) and CsI(Tl) pixilated scintillating crystals will be presented based on results of resolution tests performed using 5 " diameter Hamamatsu 5800 PSPMTs. Second, application of the gamma ray detectors will be assessed using a biological model. The biological model chosen to a...

The response of a YAP, NaI(Tl) and BaF2 scintillators to X-rays with energies around the Y, I, and Ba K-absorption edges, respectively, was investigated. For all the scintillators, the amplitude response follows different linear trends for X-ray energies below and above the respective K-edges, presenting a discontinuity at these energies. An abrupt decrease of about 3%, 5% and 2% were observed ...

SICANE is a neutron scattering multidetector facility for the determination of the quenching factor (ratio of the response to nuclear recoils and to electrons) of cryogenic detectors used in direct WIMP searches. Well collimated monoenergetic neutron beams are obtained with inverse (p, n) reactions. The facility is described, and results obtained for the quenching factors of scintillation in Na...

The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Arthur Holly ComptonGammaRay Observatory satellite uses four actively-shielded NaI(Tl)-CsI(Na) phoswich detectors to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection capability in the 0:05 10 MeV energy range. The instrument includes secondary capabilities for gamma-ray and neutron detection between 10 and 250 MeV. The detectors hav...

natural radionuclides present in soil as well as certain anthropogenic radionuclides released to the environment are the major contributors to terrestrial outdoor exposures. in the assessment of human exposures from environmental radioactivity, besides the conventional method of soil and vegetation sampling combined with laboratory based analyses of environmental media, the other choice would b...

The Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment (OSSE) on the Arthur Holly Compton Gamma Ray Observatory satellite uses four actively-shielded NaI(Tl)-CsI(Na) phoswich detectors to provide gamma-ray line and continuum detection capability in the 0:05 ? 10 MeV energy range. The instrument includes secondary capabilities for gamma-ray and neutron detection between 10 and 250 MeV. The detectors...