Recording medical histories of patients is not a new issue in clinical medicine. However, the method practiced by the Iranian chemist physician, Rhazes, in the ninth century A.D is incredible. Rhazes has written several textbooks in clinical medicine, but a particular one, "Clinical Stories and Medical Histories" (Qesas va hekayat al-marazi), is a classical case book describing precise clinical...

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain (UCBPP-PA14) is infectious both in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf infiltration model and in a mouse full-thickness skin burn model. UCBPP-PA14 exhibits ecotype specificity for Arabidopsis, causing a range of symptoms from none to severe in four different ecotypes. In the mouse model, UCBPP-PA14 is as lethal as other well-studied P. aeruginosa strains. Mutations in ...

CONTEXT We performed a bibliometric search to evaluate the number of papers published in the field of nephrology and urology by Iranian researchers in the past two decades. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We did an online search in abstract/title part of articles with 129 keywords such as kidney, renal, hemodialysis, transplant, nephrology, glomerulonephritis, ureteral, nephrolithiasis, and etc. Endnote...

Abstract Ancient Iranians knew well “bears”, in spite of the fact that they are not frequently mentioned oldest literature Zoroastrians. Despite classification bears as wild and demonic beasts, their common name was particularly affected by strong unexpected changes due to linguistic taboos, at least earlier phases. The present article investigates position within Pahlavi discusses some aspects...

The article analyzes application of the name Adurbadagan to both sides modern Azerbaijan divided by Araz river into southern or Iranian and northern independent Republic Azerbaijan. authors believe that roots Avestan words Azar Atash. As a historical political term, originates from Achaemenids’ Aturpatakan (Atropatena) evolving Sassanian Adurbadagan—a Zoroastrian center empire. Since late Antiq...