Dreams hold particular relevance in mental health work with American Indians (AIs). Nightmares are a common sequelae of trauma and a frequent defining feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite mounting evidence of the prevalence of trauma and PTSD among AIs and the important cultural role of dreams, no work to date has directly examined nightmares in trauma. Drawing from epidemi...

TO THE EDITOR: The word nightmare originates from the 13th century and is composed of night and mare, suggestive of an evil female spirit, afflicting sleepers with a feeling of suffocation, as they ride on their chests. Classified as frightening dreams that awaken the sleeper from rapid eye movement sleep, 1 nightmares impact sleep quality and are linked to various health problems. Likewise, ni...

Atiyeh, Bishara S. MD, Ioannovich Division of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, General State Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece, Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center Region Piemonte, Torino, Italy, Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Palermo, Italy, Department of Plastic Su...

Nightmares are a prevalent parasomnia associated with a range of psychiatric conditions and pathological symptoms. Current knowledge about how nightmares are produced is still influenced by neo-psychoanalytic speculations as well as by more recent personality, evolutionary and neurobiological models. A majority of these models stipulate some type of emotionally adaptive function for dreaming, e...

Chronic nightmares pose a significant problem for many individuals affected by trauma. The present study attempts to extend current knowledge on the nature, characteristics, and associated sequelae of chronic nightmares. Data were collected from 94 trauma-exposed, treatment-seeking participants (74 women and 20 men). These data suggest that most participants reported their nightmares to be simi...

93 Insomnia Symptoms, Nightmares, and Suicidal Ideation—Nadorff et al SUICIDE IS A SIGNIFICANT PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES. HERON ET AL.1 REPORT THAT SUICIDE WAS THE 11TH LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE UNITED States in 2006, accounting for 33,300 deaths. Although the etiology of suicidal behavior appears to be complex, steps toward understanding it can be made through the identification of suic...

I here recall Ryle's analysis of Heterologicality, but broaden the discussion to comparable analyses not only of Heterologicality but also other puzzles about self-reference. Such matters have a crucial bearing on the debate between representational and non-representational theories of mind, as will be explained. 1 [1] The most remarkable thing about the so-called Heterologicality Paradox is th...

1 Department of Experimental Pathology Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of 8 Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 9 10 2 Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon 11 12 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 13 Beirut, Lebanon 14 15 4 Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, Building 6L, ...

Nightmares are intensive dreams with negative emotional tone. Frequent nightmares can pose a serious clinical problem and in 2001, Tanskanen et al. found that nightmares increase the risk of suicide. However, the dataset used by these authors included war veterans in whom nightmare frequency - and possibly also suicide risk - is elevated. Therefore, re-examination of the association between nig...

Adverse childhood experiences can deleteriously affect future physical and mental health, increasing risk for many illnesses, including psychiatric problems, sleep disorders, and, according to the present hypothesis, idiopathic nightmares. Much like post-traumatic nightmares, which are triggered by trauma and lead to recurrent emotional dreaming about the trauma, idiopathic nightmares are hypot...