the big eye kilka, clupeonella grimmi, is a marine fish living in depth of 20 to 200 meter of the caspian sea. its eye and retina were processed for histological and sem studies. paraffin embedded retina was cut radially and tangentially in 5 ?m thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin method. the unstained sections were manipulated for sem image observations. tangential retinal section...

The moth-eye structure has been proposed several times as an antireflective coating to replace the standard optical thin films. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of a dielectric moth-eye structure as an antireflective coating for high-index substrates, like GaAs. The fabricated photonic crystal has Si3N4 cones in a square lattice, sitting on top of a TiO2 index matching layer....

Angled nano-scale tunnels with high aspect ratio were fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) using a focused ion beam (FIB). The fabrication parameters such as ion fluence, incidence angle, and acceleration voltage of the Ga(+) ion beam were first studied on the PMMA surface to explore the formation of the nano-scale configurations such as nano-holes and cones with diameter in the range...

We report a discrete dipole approximation approach to analyse the perturbations induced by silver nano-particles on the decay dynamics of a point-like emitter placed in their proximity. Due to the excitation of localized surface plasmons, metallic nano-particles behave like optical antennas and are able to convert localized fields into freepropagating optical radiation, and vice versa. Field lo...

Neuronal growth cones are motile structures located at the end of axons that translate extracellular guidance information into directional movements. Despite the important role of growth cones in neuronal development and regeneration, relatively little is known about the topography and mechanical properties of distinct subcellular growth cone regions under live conditions. In this study, we use...