Prolonged residence of drug formulation in the nasal cavity is important for the enhancing intranasal drug delivery. The objective of the present study was to develop a mucoadhesive in-situ gelling nasal insert which would enable the reduced nasal mucociliary clearance in order to improve the bioavailability of metoclopramide hydrochloride. Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a potent antiemetic an...

In vitro models using human primary epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory epithelium in the context of microbial infections or inhaled agents. Direct comparisons of cells obtained from diseased populations allow us to characterize different phenotypes and dissect the underlying mechanisms mediating changes in epithelial cell function. Culturing epithel...

Cell models based on human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs) are developed to obtain functional ciliated cells on modified Transwell inserts. The live hNECs are integrated into microfluidic platforms to mimic the 3D features of the human upper airway for in vitro testing of gaseous formaldehyde toxicity via airway delivery.

OBJECTIVES To identify the factors that influence the accuracy of acoustic rhinometry measurements recorded with commercially available equipment. STUDY DESIGN A simple model was used which consisted of a metal pipe and cylindrical inserts. These inserts comprised various lengths, and aperture dimensions were comparable to, or smaller than, the nasal valve areas of both adults and children. ...

The influence of nasal valve on acoustic rhinometry (AR) measurements was evaluated by using simple nasal cavity models. Each model consisted of a cylindrical pipe with an insert simulating the nasal valve. The AR-determined cross-sectional areas beyond the insert were consistently underestimated, and the corresponding area-distance curves showed pronounced oscillations. The area underestimatio...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine if package inserts (PIs) supplied with prescribed and over-the-counter medications in Saudi Arabia contain information relevant for the safe and appropriate use of these medications. METHODS Sixty PIs for prescription-only medications (n = 37) and over-the-counter medications (n = 23) were evaluated against a set of safety criteria compiled from th...

In a number of mammals muscle dilator nasi (naris) has been described as a muscle that reduces nasal airflow resistance by dilating the nostrils. Here we show that in rats the tendon of this muscle inserts into the aponeurosis above the nasal cartilage. Electrical stimulation of this muscle raises the nose and deflects it laterally towards the side of stimulation, but does not change the size o...