The percentage composition of Al13, [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+, in water treatment coagulants is an important criterion in the development and use of polymeric coagulants. Polymeric coagulants are generally used in cold climates or with highly turbid waters. Size exclusion chromatography flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SEC-FAAS) can separate Al13 and monomeric Al within 6 min. The percenta...

Seeds of the plant species Strychnos potatorum and Moringa oleifera contain natural polyelectrolytes which can be used as coagulants to clarify turbid waters. In laboratory tests, direct filtration of a turbid surface water (turbidity 15-25 NTU, heterotrophic bacteria 280-500 cfu ml(-1), and fecal coliforms 280-500 MPN 100 ml(-1)), with seeds of S. potatorum or M. oleifera as coagulant, produce...

Abstract Coagulation is an essential and easy process to treat water wastewater also adopt for point of use solutions. Coagulants have played a significant role in providing safe potable water. Nevertheless, the ill effects chemical coagulants, such as health substantial sludge quantities, cannot be ignored. Under given conditions, search alternative coagulants has been need hour, researchers p...

This review investigates the modification, optimisation, and characterisation of plant-based natural coagulants applied to water treatment. The disadvantages materials hinder their application as alternatives chemical coagulants, necessitating modification alter enhance physicochemical properties, making them suitable for application. Modification via microwave-assisted grafting copolymerisatio...