Many existing pest control models, which control pests by releasing natural enemies, neglect the effect that natural enemies may get killed. From this point of view, we formulate a pest control model with stage structure for the pest with constant maturation time delay through-stage time delay and periodic releasing natural enemies and natural enemies killed at different fixed time and perform ...

the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is an important insect pest of corn, zea mays l., crop in moghan region. in field experiments, the density of eggs and larvae of o.nubilalis and percentage of eggs and larvae parasitisms were studied on four corn hybrids ns704 (commercial cultivar), ns770, ns640 and mv524 (cultivars with high yield). furthermore, in this study, the predators...

The strength and prevalence of trophic cascades, defined as positive, indirect effects of natural enemies (predatory and parasitic arthropods) on plants, is highly variable in agroecosystems. This variation may in part be due to the spatial or landscape context in which hese trophic cascades occur. In 2011 and 2012, we conducted a natural enemy exclusion experiment in soybean fields along a gra...

Dengue is an infection that is carried by Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and can cause severe disease in peoples living in tropics. It is capable to cause headaches, pain and rash, and in other harsh types, may cause internal bleeding and then mortality of the patient. Currently, there is no vaccine for the treatment of dengue sickness and the most widely used methods for control of dise...

Fig. T. Redwing Locust, dead from Beauucria globlllifera. (Natural size). that death occurs about six to eight days after infection. The infected insect ceases feeding, wanders aimlessly about, and just before death hides in a shady spot on or near the ground. The bottom of the cane stools are favourite places. After death, the whole of the inside of the insect is full of a white growth of fung...

The within-plant distribution of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura has been attributed to various causes, yet it is unclear which factor or combination of factors most influence aphid within-plant distribution. Understanding soybean aphid distribution within the soybean canopy is important both in developing sampling programs and in evaluating injury. Because natural enemies have the pote...

Biological control or the use of natural enemies is an alternative pest management strategy for dealing with arthropods. However, natural enemies may not always provide adequate control of plant-feeding insects and mites in greenhouses. As a result, research has assessed the concept of using natural enemies in conjunction with pesticides and the potential compatibility when both pest management...