The malignant transformation of conventional giant cell tumor of bone (GCTOB) is rare and usually occurs with irradiation. Here we report two neglected cases of conventional GCTOB with spontaneous malignant transformation at 11 and 16 years after initial diagnosis. In the former case, the patient refused to receive any treatment following the incisional biopsy, and in the latter, the firs...

Gallibacterium anatis is a pathogen of poultry. Very little is known about its genetics and pathogenesis. To enable the study of gene function in G. anatis, we have established methods for transformation and targeted mutagenesis. The genus Gallibacterium belongs to the Pasteurellaceae, a group with several naturally transformable members, including Haemophilus influenzae. Bioinformatics analysi...

Growing cells of Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni were naturally transformed by naked DNA without the requirement for any special treatment. Transformation frequencies for homologous chromosomal DNA were approximately 10(-3) transformants per recipient cell in C. coli and 10(-4) in C. jejuni. Maximum competence was found in the early log phase of growth. Campylobacters preferentially took up th...

Over the years Streptococcus gordonii (sanguis) Challis has become the workhorse of genetic manipulations for the sanguis group of oral streptococci. This is because strain Challis was shown in early studies to be highly naturally competent for transformation. However, Challis is not usually the most appropriate strain to use in studies which focus on oral microbial adherence. We report that ot...

This article revises the current state of microbial transformation use in natural products. It represents the results of the most recent reports. Due to the importance of this transformation, there is still a strong need to intensify the direction of microbial transformation of the natural product compounds, besides exploiting more microorganisms that might be the used biocatalysts in producing...