PURPOSE To report the effectiveness of home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP) therapy for patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS Data was collected prospectively on 16 patients who were diagnosed with convergence insufficiency beginning in January 2009. The study group was composed of ten male and six female patients. The duration of symptoms, refractive error, distant and ne...

PURPOSE This clinical study was performed to determine the presence of refractive errors and binocular dysfunctions in a population of university students. METHODS Refraction and binocular function were evaluated in a young patient population (230 students and 234 nonstudent subjects, aged 18-27 years). Distance visual acuity (DVA) and near visual acuity (NVA), refraction, cover test (CT), oc...

purpose : to determine the fusional amplitudes and the frequency of hetrophoria, in our patients methods : in this cross sectional study, 111 adults with mean age of 25.6 years were included. all participants had best corrected visual acuity (bcva) better than 20/25, more than 60 sec of arc stereopsis and had no heterotropia or other significant eye disorders. fusional amplitudes were measured ...

Background: Assessment of the fusional vergence amplitudes constitutes one most important diagnostic tools to obtain information about ability maintain binocular vision. Several techniques can be used assess this function. However, those methods are not interchangeable, and measurement repeatability has been questioned. Objective: This study aimed compare range measurements using prism bars syn...

purpose: the goal of this study was to compare differences in the mean heterophoria and fusional amplitudes before and after photorefractive keratectomy (prk) for myopia. methods: in a prospective controlled study, myopic patients were treated with aspheric and wavefront-guided (personalized) prk. the manifest refraction, visual acuity, fusional amplitudes and heterophoria were evaluated preope...

OBJECTIVES The study describes an abnormal convergence symptom, i.e. unilateral exophoria at near, in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this paper is to present the symptom and discuss its possible explanations. METHODS 29 patients with SZ, 15 patients with BD and 20 healthy controls (HC) took part in the study. The neurological assessment was done with In...