A balanced interaction between the homeostatic mechanisms of mother and the developing organism during pregnancy and in early neonatal life is essential in order to ensure optimal fetal development, ability to respond to various external and internal challenges, protection from adverse programming, and safeguard maternal care availability after parturition. In the majority of pregnancies, this ...

Neonatal seizures occur in their majority close temporal relation to an acute brain injury or systemic insult, and are accordingly defined as symptomatic provoked seizures. However less frequently, unprovoked may also present the neonatal period secondary structural abnormalities, thus corresponding epilepsies, genetic conditions, epilepsies. Unprovoked should be considered clinical manifestati...

Adverse birth outcomes including preterm birth (PTB: <37 weeks gestation) and low birth weight (LBW: <2500 g) can result in severe infant morbidity and mortality. In the United States, there are racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of PTB and LBW. We investigated the association between PTB and LBW with prenatal mercury (Hg) exposure and season of conception in an urban immigrant com...

Abstract Background and purpose: High-risk pregnancy is referred to a situation in which mother, fetus&nbsp;or neonate are in higher risk of morbidity or mortality. Because of adverse outcomes of high-risk&nbsp;pregnancies, this study aims to determine these outcomes in the North of Iran.&nbsp; Materials and Methods: We recruited 803 urban and rural pregnant women in this crosssectional&nbsp;...

During pregnancy and lactation, mothers require significant amounts of calcium to pass on to the developing fetus and suckling neonate, respectively. Given the dependence of adult calcium concentrations and bone metabolism on vitamin D, one might anticipate that vitamin D sufficiency would be even more critical during pregnancy and lactation. However, maternal adaptations during pregnancy and l...

Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonate. Subgaleal, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraventricular hemorrhage have varying pathophysiology, but each can have serious long-term consequences. This article reviews the pathophysiology, presentation, and outcomes for intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn, as well as potential therapeutic interventions.

Neonatal septicaemia despite recent advances in hygiene and introduction of potent antibiotics has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The developing countries worse as the incidence is as 56.9/1000 live birth in Nigeria. In our environment, the risk factors were low socioeconomic factors, delivery at home, maternal fever and use of traditional concoctions were the comm...

The first hour of life in a very premature neonate is a critical period of transition requiring extra-uterine adaptation of multiple organ systems for which the vulnerable neonate is ill prepared. Medical interventions provided to the neonate during this golden first hour of life can have significant implications on immediate survival and long term morbidities. Delayed cord clamping, delivery r...

The appropriate determination of adequate tissue perfusion and the best approach to treatment of perceived abnormalities in blood pressure in the neonate remain controversial. There is no consensus regarding the actual definition of hypotension in the neonate or how best to raise perceived low blood pressure. In addition, there is no direct and prospectively collected information available on t...