In 1887, Walther Hermann Nernst (1864-1941; Nobel Laureate 1920) began his highly successful career as an assistant to Wilhelm Ostwald (1853-1932; Nobel Laureate 1909) at the University of Leipzig. Ostwald strongly supported the ionic theory and had extended it, especially to the dissociation of weak electrolytes. By 1889, Nernst had established the principles of electrode potential, familiariz...

We present nanosecond time-scale Vlasov-Fokker-Planck-Maxwell modeling of magnetized plasma transport and dynamics in a hohlraum with an applied external magnetic field, under conditions similar to recent experiments. Self-consistent modeling of the kinetic electron momentum equation allows for a complete treatment of the heat flow equation and Ohm's law, including Nernst advection of magnetic ...

Generation of electric power by the Nernst effect is a new application of a semiconductor. A key point of this proposal is to find materials with a high thermomagnetic figure-of-merit, which are called Nernst elements. In order to find candidates of the Nernst element, a physical model to describe its transport phenomena is needed. As the first model, we began with a parabolic two-band model in...

It is theoretically predicted that the Nernst coefficient is strongly suppressed and the thermal conductance is quantized in the quantum Hall regime of the twodimensional electron gas. The Nernst effect is the induction of a thermomagnetic electromotive force in the y direction under a temperature bias in the x direction and a magnetic field in the z direction. The quantum nature of the Nernst ...

The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find c...

Until now, we have developed continuum models for the dynamics of electrolytes at the macroscopic scale, much larger than typical length scales for intermolecular forces. In particular, we have used principles of nonequlibrium thermodynamics, to arrive at general models of interfacial voltage (Nernst equation), reaction kinetics (Butler-Volmer equation), and transport (Poisson-Nernst-Planck equ...