a 25-year-old woman with a history of five years of bilateral verrucous hyperkeratosis and darkening of both nipples and areolae is reported herein. the histopathology was suggestive of hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple. hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple is a rare condition which is seen unilaterally or bilaterally in both sexes. three types of hyperkeratosis of areola and nipple are descri...

The form, function and fibre-type profiles of the ilio-marsupialis muscles, branches of which insert on to the skin of the nipples and pouch, have been investigated in the small dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis douglasi. Single fibres from the branches of muscles associated with unsuckled nipples in non-lactating females and with both unsuckled and suckled nipples at four stages during the 70-day...

BACKGROUND Acanthosis nigricans (AN) develops sporadically or in association with obesity, insulin-resistance and dark pigmentary phenotype. Unusual clinical presentations of AN may be diagnostically vexing. OBJECTIVES The aim of the report is to present unusual clinical and dermoscopic pictures of hyper-keratotic, brownish lesions of the nipples resembling acanthosis nigricans. PATIENTS/ME...

BACKGROUND: A small, non-blinded, RCT (randomised controlled trial) had reported that oral antibiotics reduced the incidence of mastitis in lactating women with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)- colonized cracked nipples. We aimed to replicate the study with a more rigorous design and adequate sample size. METHODS: Our intention was to conduct a double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determi...

BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of cracked nipples in the first month postpartum. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of mothers living in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. Data from 1,243 mother-child dyads assessed both at the maternity ward and 30 days after delivery were analyzed. The association b...