in view of native/nonnative language teacher dichotomy, different characteristics have been assigned to these 2 groups. the dichotomy has been the source of different actions and measures to clarify the positive and negative points of being (non)native teachers. in recent years, many researchers have revisited this dichotomy. the challenge to the dichotomy can be a source of motivation to explo...

OBJECTIVES To measure the inter-expert and intra-expert agreement in sleep spindle scoring, and to quantify how many experts are needed to build a reliable dataset of sleep spindle scorings. METHODS The EEG dataset was comprised of 400 randomly selected 115s segments of stage 2 sleep from 110 sleeping subjects in the general population (57±8, range: 42-72 years). To assess expert agreement, a...

Lawton and Brody's eight-item Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale is used often with elderly patients but scored in several different ways. We scored the IADL with seven popular procedures ranging from relatively simple to complex (Guttman scores, summed and Rasch scores from dichotomous, trichotomous, and polytomous items) in a sample of rural elders (N = 231). We compared the...

The use of structured interviews that yield continuous measures of symptom severity has become increasingly widespread in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To date, however, few scoring rules have been developed for converting continuous severity scores into dichotomous PTSD diagnoses. In this article, we describe and evaluate 9 such rules for the Clinician-Administered PT...

We study information aggregation in large elections. With two candidates, efficient information aggregation is possible in a large election (e.g., Feddersen and Pesendorfer [4, 5, 6], among others). We find that this result does not extend to large elections with more than two candidates. More precisely, we study a class of simple scoring rules in large voting games with Poisson population unce...

The purpose of this study is to provide the mixed scoring of polytomous item relational structure (PIRS) analysis and utilize it in fraction subtraction concepts diagnosis. There are limitations on dichotomous item relational structure (IRS) and PIRS analysis is well efficient in the analysis of polytomous data. Most utilization of IRS aims to analyze the hierarchical structures of items, not t...