foreign direct investment (fdi) plays a crucial role in the economic literature, especially in developing countries. it is also an important factor for policy makers to analyze the relation between foreign direct investment and other important economic variables. one of these variables is export which is always mentioned in iran's economic development programs. in this study, the relation betwe...

this article analyses the effects of foreign exchange commitment and exchange rate unification policies on iran’s non-oil exports during the last three decades. in addition, the effects of these policies on non-oil exports have empirically been estimated. for this purpose, an export supply model was estimated using the econometrics technique of auto regressive distributed lag (ardl) and reliabl...

The national forest sector: context and issues Productive closed forests on drained land in Cameroon cover about 17.5 million hectares (Eba’a Atyi 1998). A zoning plan drafted in 1993 divided the national territory into a permanent forest domain (PFD) and a non-permanent forest domain (NPFD). The bulk of annual timber production is harvested in about 100 Forest Management Units (FMU) inside the...

this paper investigates the short- run and long-run effects of government size and exports on the economic growth of iran as a developing oil export based economy for the period of 1974 - 2008 using an autoregressive distributed lags (ardl) framework. a modified form of feder (1982) and subsequently ram’s (1986) model has been applied to include both government size and exports in growth equati...

Iran is one f the biggest oil producer and exporter of the world. Due to the special administrative and constitutional structure of the country, i.e. economic, social and political reasons, the government budget and revenues depend heavily on oil exports. The aim of this article is to suggest a theoretical proposal on the optimum level of non-oil exports such that it will clear up the idea of e...

In the winter of 1973, some major oil exporting countries joined together to declare an embargo on oil exports to some of the western countries for political reasons. Elated by their success and the realization that they controlled a major share of the oil exports, they subsequently raised the price of oil four-fold and cut back production, thereby obtaining, in the face of an almost inelastic ...

Based on a non-competitive input-output model capturing China’s processing exports, this paper establishes a goal programming model to optimize China’s export structure. In this model, China’s domestic production is divided into three parts: Production for domestic use, processing exports, and non-processing exports and production for other foreign invested enterprises. This division enables di...

Petroleum pollution is a problem for seabirds along the Southwest Atlantic coast. Twenty-five groups from Salvador, Brazil (12 degrees 58'S) to San Antonio Oeste, Argentina (40 degrees 43'S) survey or rehabilitate sick or oiled seabirds. Four groups, one each in Brazil and Uruguay, and two in Argentina, kept counts of birds found alive and in need of rehabilitation. An average of 63.7% of the s...