In this study, Aloe vera extract was used to evaluate its effects on hematological and immune parameters of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). A total of 360 Siberian sturgeon weighing on average 10.95±0.04 g were randomly distributed in four treatments including a control group and three experimental groups (each with three replications).  A. vera extract powder at the rate of 0.5%, 1% and ...

Unresponsiveness to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been shown to be associated with dysfunction of the presenting cells (APC) and defect in the specific B-lymphocyte and/or T-lymphocyte repertoires.   Direct determination of the frequency of specific T-lymphocytes together with complementary analysis of the naive circulating immune cells could provide valuable information about the cel...

Backgrounds: Most of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections elicit poor immune responses and 75% to 85% of cases become chronic therefore, the development of an effective vaccine against HCV is of paramount importance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate co-administration of HCV non-Structural Protein 2 and IL-12 DNA vaccines in C57BL/6 mice. Methods: A plasmid encoding full-length HCV NS2 prot...

Bovine tuberculosis is an important worldwide disease mainly related to cattle, although it also affects other mammals, including humans. In recent years, there have been considerable advances in the knowledge of immune response mechanisms underlying interaction Mycobacterium bovis, main agent bovine tuberculosis, with its hosts. this review we describe most findings on cattle M. particularly r...

Introduction Hydrops Fetalis is a serious condition in fetal period, characterized by the presence of serous fluid accumulation in at least two potential spaces in fetus including pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and ascites. The incidence of hydrops fetalis is one per 2500-3000 pregnancies. This condition is followed by different diseases. Fetal hemolytic anemia and its hypoxemia due to...

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