Nonpolar and semipolar III–nitride quantum wells (QWs) and devices have been extensively studied due to their unique valence band (VB) structure and polarized optical emission. Unlike conventional c-plane oriented III–nitride QWs, the low crystal symmetry and unbalanced biaxial stress in nonpolar and semipolar QWs separates the topmost VBs and gives rise to polarized optical emission. Since the...

A model for globular protein molecules based on a linear and random sequence of polar and nonpolar amino acids was developed. Polar amino acids were assumed to be always in contact with the aqueous solvent, while nonpolar amino acids were assumed to have a tendency to be buried. Considerations of amino-acid dimensions indicated that only runs of four or more nonpolar amino acids in a row could ...

We study the dynamics of the isotropic-nematic phase transition caused by an applied electric field at the time scales of dielectric relaxation. In the classic Landau-Khalatnikov theory of the phase transition dynamics, the nematic (nonpolar) order parameter is an instantaneous function of the applied field. We demonstrate that, when the field is changing faster than the time of dielectric rela...

Hexagonal manganese oxides $R\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($R=\mathrm{Y}$, Ho--Lu, Sc, and In) show intriguing topological ferroelectric domain walls with variable conductivity, leading to wall engineering. Despite the numerous experimental studies on these polar nanoscale structures, controlling domains has not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we reveal unprecedented coexistence of polar-...