The conduct of Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials internationally necessitates the development of region-specific clinical reference ranges for trial enrollment and participant monitoring. A population based cohort of adults in Kericho, Kenya, a potential vaccine trial site, allowed development of clinical laboratory reference ranges. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed on 1293 HIV seronegati...

BACKGROUND Chemistry safety assessments are interpreted by using chemistry reference ranges (CRRs). Verification of CRRs is time consuming and often requires a statistical background. OBJECTIVES We report on an easy and cost-saving method to verify CRRs. METHODS Using a former method introduced by Sigma Diagnostics, three study sites in sub-Saharan Africa, Bondo, Kenya, and Pretoria and Blo...

The cancer prevalence in the Malwa region of Punjab (1089/million/year) is much higher than the national average cancer prevalence in India (800/million/year). The participants in the present study were 50 healthy individuals and 49 cancer patients all living in the Malwa region of Punjab, with the healthy people being selected from the same household as the cancer patients. High concentrations...

INTRODUCTION Laboratory information is generated when a meaning is given to certain data. This is usually achieved by comparing a laboratory test result with the reference range/decisional limit (RL), and by providing consultation for the interpretation of data, advice, and follow-up testing. AIM In this paper, we investigate factors affecting the conversion of data into useful information wi...

The higher rank numerical range is closely connected to the construction of quantum error correction code for a noisy quantum channel. It is known that if a normal matrix A ∈ Mn has eigenvalues a1, . . . , an, then its higher rank numerical range Λk(A) is the intersection of convex polygons with vertices aj1 , . . . , ajn−k+1 , where 1 ≤ j1 < · · · < jn−k+1 ≤ n. In this paper, it is shown that ...