Divisive normalization in primary visual cortex has been linked to adaptation to natural image statistics in accordance to Barlow's redundancy reduction hypothesis. Using recent advances in natural image modeling, we show that the previously studied static model of divisive normalization is rather inefficient in reducing local contrast correlations, but that a simple temporal contrast adaptatio...

Normalization has been recognized as a necessary preprocessing step in a variety of high-throughput biotechnologies. A number of normalization methods have been developed specifically for microarrays, some general and others tailored for certain experimental designs. All methods rely on assumptions about data characteristics that are expected to stay constant across samples, although some make ...

General features of the spectra of matter states in all 175 models found in a previous work by the author are discussed. Only twenty patterns of representations are found to occur. Accomodation of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) spectrum is addressed. States beyond those contained in the MSSM and nonstandard hypercharge normalization are shown to be generic, though some models ...

We obtain three generation SU (3) c ×SU (2) L ×U (1) Y string models in all of the exactly solvable (0, 2) constructions sampled by fermionization. None of these examples, including those that are symmetric abelian orbifolds, rely on the Z 2 ×Z 2 orbifold underlying the NAHE basis. We present the first known three generation models for which the hypercharge normalization, k 1 , takes values sma...

This paper attempts to make an quantitative evaluation of available normalization techniques of matching scores in multimodal biometric systems. Two new normalization techniques Four Segments Piecewise Linear (FSPL) and Linear Tanh Linear (LTL) have been proposed in this paper. FSPL normalization techniques divides the region of genuine and impostor scores into four segments and maps each segme...

It has recently been observed that with appropriate stepsize normalization, the convergence speed of the constant modulus (CM) algorithm can be dramatically improved. In this correspondence, it is shown that if a different normalization strategy is used, one that takes into account the finite alphabet structure of the signals, a standard normalized version of the decision directed equalizer (DD...

A finite-size technique is employed to compute the normalization constant ZA of the isovector axial current in lattice QCD. The calculation is carried out in the quenched approximation for values of the bare gauge coupling g0 ranging from 0 to 1. In the lattice action and the lattice expression for the axial current we include the counterterms required for O(a) improvement, with non-perturbativ...

Hyperglycemia is generally associated with oxidative stress, which plays a key role in diabetes-related complications. A complex, quantitative relationship has been established between glucose levels and oxidative stress, both in vitro and in vivo. For example, oxidative stress is known to persist after glucose normalization, a phenomenon described as metabolic memory. Also, uncontrolled glucos...