Data assimilation is the process of hindcasting, now-casting, and forecasting using all available information. This chapter summarizes the methods and applications of data assimilation in the ocean.

In current casting factories, tilting type automatic pouring machines are often used to pour the molten metal into the mold, with the operator relying on experience, perception and repeated testing to manually determine the pouring velocity. However, seeking an optimum multistep pouring velocity through trial and error results in an enormous number of combinations and is very difficult. For thi...

Synopsis Mathematical modeling of stress generation in casting processes is a difficult, complex subject that is now receiving increased attention. This paper reviews the basic equations, solution methods and important phenomena associated with casting processes that require special numerical treatment. Stress modeling begins with a coupled, transient heat transfer analysis, including solidific...

Issues connected with high quality casting alloys are important for responsible construction elements working in hard conditions. Traditionally, the quality of aluminium casting alloy refers to such microstructure properties as the presence of inclusions and intermetallic phases or porosity. At present, in most cases, Quality index refers to the level of mechanical properties – especially stren...

As computer power increases, computational models are able to contribute more to the understanding and design of complex processes such as the continuous casting of steel. Fluid flow models can now include phenomena such as transient behavior during steady casting, including particle transport, capture and removal. Heat flow models can include interfacial slag layer heat, mass and momentum bala...

Due to the success of texture based approaches, ray casting has lately been confined to performing preprocessing in realtime applications. Though GPU based ray casting implementations outperform the CPU now, they either do not scale well for higher primitive counts, or require the costly construction of spatial hierarchies. We present an improved algorithm based on the Ray Engine approach, whic...

Many graphical objects can be represented by swept volumes (including its subset – generalised cylinders) by sweeping 2D or 3D templates along 3D trajectories. In this paper, we present a new approach for constructing swept volumes using image templates. We utilise scalar fields as our underlying data type, and employ volume ray casting techniques for rendering swept volumes in their original s...

There is significant evidence from light metals that turbulence in casting leads to bifilm defects; enfolded, doubled-over oxide films which act like cracks the liquid, and are inherited as by solid. This population of introduced now known significantly influence tensile failure behaviour alloys. analogous defects exist steels. paper examines possibility bifilms may control hot ductility TWIP T...

In this work, a hybrid solar irradiance now-casting mechanism is proposed. The proposed hybrid predictor fuses the results from both Kalman filter predictor and regressor predictor to benefit from the advantages of both techniques. A time-varying adaptive system function for Kalman filter is designed to deal with ramp-down events for more accurate prediction. Three fusion alternatives based on ...

introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bridge orientation in casting machine on castability and quality of base metal castings. methods: three groups of patterns with different direction and lengths in casting machine were casted and then studied qualitatively and quantitatively using mean and standard deviation in table of frequency. results: larger nodules and poros...