objective: nanotechnology focuses on materials having at least one dimension of less than 100 nanometers. nanomaterials such as nanosilver (ns) have unique physical and chemical properties such as size, shape, surface charge. ns particles are thought to induce neuronal degeneration and necrosis in the brain. it has been reported that ns particles generate free radicals and oxidative stress whic...

H-NS is an abundant nucleoid-associated protein in bacteria that globally silences genes, including horizontally-acquired genes related to pathogenesis. Although it has been shown that H-NS has multiple modes of DNA-binding, which mode is employed in gene silencing is still unclear. Here, we report that in H-NS mutants that are unable to silence genes, are unable to form a rigid H-NS nucleoprot...

Histone-like nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein is a component of bacterial chromatin and influences gene expression both locally and on a global scale. Although H-NS is broadly considered a silencer of transcription, the mechanisms by which H-NS inhibits gene expression remain poorly understood. Here we discuss recent advances in the context of a 'love-hate' relationship between H-NS and RNA ...

The earliest evidences on circulation of Avian Influenza (AI) virus on the Iranian poultry farms date back to 1998. Great economic losses through dramatic drop in egg production and high mortality rates are characteristically attributed to H9N2 AI virus. In the present work non-structural (NS) genes of 10 Iranian H9N2 chicken AI viruses collected during 1998-2007 were fully sequenced and subjec...

The nucleotide sequence of the NS gene of the human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 was determined and found to be the same length (890 nucleotides) as the NS gene of another human influenza virus A/Udorn/72 and of the avian isolate A/FPV/Rostock/34. Comparison of the sequences of the NS genes of the two human influenza viruses shows an 8.9% difference whereas the NS gene of the avian isolate differs...

A bstract Recent work has shown how on-shell three-point amplitudes in gauge theory and gravity, representing the coupling to massive particles, correspond classical limit curvature spinors of linearised solutions. This connection, made explicit via KMOC formalism split metric signature, turns double copy scattering into Here, we extend this framework universal massless sector supergravity, whi...