apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death that occurs under physiological as well as pathological conditions, is characterized by morphological and biochemical features. while the importance of caspases in apoptosis is established, several noncaspase proteases (ca2+-dependent proteases) such as calpain may play a role in the execution of apoptosis. the calpain family consists of two major isof...

It is analytically shown that the total absorption of hadron component extensive air showers and transition to pure electromagnetic cascade cannot cause observed sharp knee in cosmic ray energy spectrum. This fact absence proved nuclear models allow conclusion origin astrophysical.

The lowest temperatures ever measured have been produced by cascade adiabatic nuclear demagnetization of copper and rhodium. Ultimately, spontaneous antiferromagnetic ordering of rhodium nuclei is anticipated. High-sensitivity SQUID-NMR measurements at high nuclear polarization in low magnetic "elds have been used to study the mutual interactions between the nuclear spins of rhodium in the meta...

The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) cascade system represents a highly conserved prototype of signal transduction by enzyme cascades. One of the best-studied properties of the MAPK system is its ability to convert graded input stimulus to switch-like all-or-none responses. Previous theoretical studies have centered on quantifying dual phosphorylated MAPK as a final output response...

By modeling the transition paths of nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay cascade using a scale-free random network, we uncover universal power-law distribution $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray intensity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{I}(I)\ensuremath{\propto}{I}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, with $I$ each transition. This property is consistently observed for all datasets sufficient number entries in National Nuclear Dat...

The composition of the space radiation environment inside spacecrafts is modified by the interaction with shielding material, with equipment and even with the astronauts’ bodies. Accurate quantitative estimates of the effects of nuclear reactions are necessary, for example, for dose estimation and prediction of single-event-upset rates. To this end, it is necessary to construct predictive model...

One of the most intriguing motivations for studying relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is the unique opportunity to explore compressed and excited nuclear matter in the laboratory. A signature of compression is the collective sidewards flow predicted theoretically by nuclear fluid dynamics' and classical microscopic many-body s i m u ~ a t i o n s . ~ Recently, the predicted collective sid...

A Monte Carlo program solving Boltzmann equation for partons via cascade method is presented. At presented, only gluon-gluon elastic scattering is included. The scattering cross section is regulated by a medium generated screening mass. Three different geometric modes (3 dimension expansion, 1-d expansion, and scattering inside a box) are provided for theoretical study of the parton transport a...