Background: The Singh index is an inexpensive simple method to evaluate bone density, commonly used to assess osteoporosis is based on the radiological appearance of the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur on a plain antero-posterior (AP) radiograph. The purpose of this study was to compare between Singh index and bone mineral density measurement using dual energy X-ray abs...

A study was designed to evaluate observer variation in the assessment of radiographic deterioration of individual patients using the Larsen grading system. Radiographs of hands and feet of 52 patients were assessed by three observers. Each patient had paired films taken one year apart which were assessed together for change in score. To assess within-observer variation each set of films was rea...

We analyze the sources of error in specifying color in CRT displays. These include errors inherent in the use of the color matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard observer when only colorimetric, not radiometric, calibrations are available. We provide transformation coefficients that prove to correct the deficiencies of this observer very well. We consider four different candidate sets of c...

BACKGROUND Conventional radiography is insufficient for diagnosis in a small but not unimportant number of hip fractures, and secondary imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is warranted. There are no convincing observer variation studies performed for conventional radiography or CT in occult fractures, and no large materials for MRI. PURPOSE To assess obse...

Background Triage algorithms for sorting patients according to their severity of illness have recently been implemented at several emergency departments in Denmark. Clinical effectiveness and safety depend on standardization of the triage process. We implemented a 5-level triage algorithm for which triage nurses underwent an initial training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of ...

It is now well known that the results of almost any examination or investigation may be reported differently by different workers, for example, the interpretation of a medical history (Cochrane et al., 1951), the detection of cyanosis (Comroe and Botelhoe, 1947) or clubbing (Pyke, 1954), the clinical diagnosis ofemphysema (Fletcher, 1952), the radiological detection of tuberculosis (Birkelow et...