A hurricane (also tropical cyclone, typhoon) is a warm-core, low-pressure system that develops over tropical or subtropical waters. Most hurricanes form from a trough of low-pressure, over ocean surface temperatures greater than 26°C. As air moves across the ocean surface, it extracts moisture (water vapour) and energy (as a result of evaporation) from the ocean. The low pressure draws air inwa...

Various observation- and reanalysis-based estimates of sea ice mass and ocean heat content trends imply that the energy imbalance of the Arctic climate system was similar [1.0 (0.9,1.2) Wm-2] to the global ocean average during the 2000-2015 period. Most of this extra heat warmed the ocean, and a comparatively small fraction went into sea ice melt. Poleward energy transports and radiation contri...

Although it is well established that the large-scale wind drives much of the world's ocean circulation, the contribution of the wind energy input at mesoscales (10-200 km) remains poorly known. Here we use regional simulations with a coupled high-resolution atmosphere-ocean model of the South Atlantic, to show that mesoscale ocean features and, in particular, eddies can be energized by their th...

The net surface energy flux is central to the climate system yet observational limitations lead to substantial uncertainty. A combination of satellite-derived radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere adjusted using the latest estimation of the net heat uptake of the Earth system, and the atmospheric energy tendencies and transports from the ERA-Interim reanalysis are used to estimate surface e...

A numerical model for the global tsunamis computation constructed by KOWALIK et al. (2005), is applied to the tsunami of 26 December, 2004 in the World Ocean from 80 S to 69 N with spatial resolution of one minute. Because the computational domain includes close to 200 million grid points, a parallel version of the code was developed and run on a Cray X1 supercomputer. An energy flux function i...