In this study the effect of nano sized silica particles (nano-SiO2) on the physical and mechanical properties of rice husk and Old Corrugated Container (OCC)-cement boards was investigated. Modulus Of Rupture (MOR), Modulus Of Elasticity (MOE), Internal Bonding Strength (IB), density, water absorption and thickness swelling after 24 hours immersion in water and hardness were meas...

The paper industry has taken various steps to address environmental concerns and raw material limitations. Among them, paper recycling has been shown to be a viable option. In this study, the alkaline sulfite pulping of old corrugated containers (OCC) to produce bleachable pulp was investigated. A combination of one of the three active alkali levels (14, 16, and 18%; Na2O, and oven-dry weight o...

Due to its amazing physicochemical properties and high environmental compatibility, cellulose nano-crystals (CNC) hold great promise for serving as a strategic platform for sustainable development. Now, there has been growing interest in the development of processes using waste or residual biomass as CNC source for addressing economic and environmental concerns. In the present work, a combined ...

The strength of a corrugated container is usually determined and reported as crush strength under progressively increasing top-to-bottom compressive load. The test is performed in seconds in a controlled constant temperature and relative humidity environment. However, a dynamic strength test under controlled conditions cannot account for the reduction in load-carrying ability inherent in the ex...

Although the world's forest resources have decreased, paper production has increased. Utilization of recycled fiber Recycle Fiber as a substitute for new Virgin in significant influence world industri. In 2011 industri reached 403 million tons and about (53%) was produced from paper. is cost competitive because lower than Fiber's fiber. Approximately (80%) this type comes three sources, namely ...