Introduction: An impaired sense of smell has a remarkable impact on the quality of life. It is seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease. In this study, we assessed the olfactory function in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by Sniff Magnitude Test (SMT).  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 patients with MS. A questionnaire, including demog...

It is not known whether the instincts of wild horses have remained strong during their centuries of domestication. Knowledge of this matter would give riders the opportunity to know more about the behavior of horses and consequently about safety for both horses and riders. In this current research, we studied the behavior of fifteen Caspian miniature horses of different ages and sexes using sti...

the sense of olfaction reached its zenith in development much earlier than other special senses. olfaction is much more acute than the other senses, exhibits both high sensitivity for odours and high discrimination between them. this plays a very important role even in the social and behavioral aspects of human beings. recent studies using molecular genetics, electrophysiology and behavioral an...

Olfaction is considered to be an important sensory modality in next-generation virtual reality (VR) systems. We currently focus on spatiotemporal control of odor, rather than capturing and synthesizing odor itself. If we simply diffused the odor into the atmosphere, it would be difficult to clean it away in a short time. Several olfactory displays that inject the scented air under the nose thro...

Olfactory research in immersive virtual environments (IVEs) have often examined the addition of scent as part of the environment or atmosphere that act as experimental stimuli. There appears to be a lack of research on the influence of virtual foods in IVEs on human satiation. Studies based on situational cues or self-perception theory provide support for the hypothesis that touching and smelli...

Gases released from landfill sites into the atmosphere have the potential to cause olfactory nuisances within the surrounding communities. Landfill sites are often located over complex topography for convenience mainly related to waste disposal and environmental masking. Dispersion of odours is strongly conditioned by local atmospheric dynamics. Assessment of odour impacts needs to take into ac...

introduction: radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for patients with head and neck malignancies. as the nose lies within the field of radiotherapy of the head and neck, the olfactory fibers and olfactory receptors may be affected by radiation. the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in olfactory threshold in patients with head and neck malignancies who have received radiation to th...

objective(s): in the past few decades, variety of foetal, embryonic and adult stem and progenitor cells have been tried with conflicting outcome for cell therapy of central nervous system injury and diseases. cellular characteristics and functional plasticity of globose basal stem cells (gbcs) residing in the olfactory epithelium of rat olfactory mucosa have not been studied in the past by the ...