Habituation is a fundamental form of behavioral plasticity that permits organisms to ignore inconsequential stimuli. Here we describe the habituation of a locomotor response to ethanol and other odorants in Drosophila, measured by an automated high-throughput locomotor tracking system. Flies exhibit an immediate and transient startle response upon exposure to a novel odor. Surgical removal of t...

  The distribution and localization of acid and neutral mucins in various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio have been studied histochemically by employing the PAS-AB technique. Variations in the localization of protein in different cells lining the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional significance of the region concerned. Intense localization of t...

In order to study the olfactory discriminating ability of lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and masu salmon (O. masou), the integrated olfactory nerve response to various freshwaters was recorded by electrophysiological techniques. In both species independent of sex and gonadal maturity, each freshwater caused a different olfactory response. Source and effluent waters of the cultur...

The sense of olfaction reached its zenith in development much earlier than other special senses. Olfaction is much more acute than the other senses, exhibits both high sensitivity for odours and high discrimination between them. This plays a very important role even in the social and behavioral aspects of human beings. Recent studies using molecular genetics, electrophysiology and behavioral an...

Different olfactory cues elicit distinct behaviors such as attraction, avoidance, feeding, or mating. In the nematode C. elegans, these cues are sensed by a small number of olfactory neurons, each of which expresses several different odorant receptors. The type of behavioral response elicited by an odorant could be specified by the olfactory receptor or by the olfactory neuron in which the rece...

When olfactory receptor neurons respond to odors, a depolarizing Cl(-) efflux is a substantial part of the response. This requires that the resting neuron accumulate Cl(-) against an electrochemical gradient. In isolated olfactory receptor neurons, the Na(+)+K(+)+2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 is essential for Cl(-) accumulation. However, in intact epithelium, a robust electrical olfactory response...

  The distribution and localization of acid and neutral mucins in various cells lining the olfactory epithelium of Cyprinus carpio have been studied histochemically by employing the PAS-AB technique. Variations in the localization of protein in different cells lining the olfactory epithelium have been correlated with the functional significance of the region concerned. Intense localization of t...

Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in the mammalian olfactory bulb and hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting the hypothesis that recently generated, adult-born neurons contribute to neural plasticity and learning. To explore this hypothesis, we examined whether olfactory experience modifies the responses of adult-born neurons to odorants, using immediate early genes (IEGs) to assay the...

Introduction: Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality for patients with head and neck malignancies. As the nose lies within the field of radiotherapy of the head and neck, the olfactory fibers and olfactory receptors may be affected by radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in olfactory threshold in patients with head and neck malignancies who have received radiation to th...