In this letter, we investigate the error rate performance of free-space optical (FSO) links over strong turbulence fading channels together with misalignment (pointing error) effects. First, we present a novel closed-form expression for the distribution of a stochastic FSO channel model which takes into account both atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and misalignment-induced fading. Then, we...

This paper presents a novel 28 GHz circularly polarized rectangular dielectric-resonator antenna (DRA) array for millimeter-wave (mmWave) off-body applications. A feed network incorporating cross slots was utilized in the DRA design to realize circular polarization (CP). In terms of free-space wavelength, λo, dimensions were (0.48λo × 0.48λo 0.27λo) at GHz. The simulated by dielectric layers wi...

The miniaturization of electronic devices is leading to the creation of body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs), in which wireless devices are attached to the human body. In particular, personal healthcare is considered as the biggest potential application. In this paper, we propose a compact wearable dual-mode (on-body and off-body modes) antenna for personal healthcare systems. For on-bo...

A flexible circularly polarized (CP) wearable antenna is proposed for a wireless body area network at the 5.8-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. The made of polyimide foam material. CP radiation enabled by loading two pairs shorting pins on rectangular patch antenna. 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth doubled adding inverted L-shaped parasitic stubs both sides For validation, with dimen...

The human body is an extremely challenging environment for the operation of wireless communications systems, not least because of the complex antenna-body electromagnetic interaction effects which can occur. This is further compounded by the impact of movement and the propagation characteristics of the local environment which all have an effect upon body centric communications channels. As the ...

Body area networks (BANs) are quickly becoming a key technology for wireless communications. They consist of body-worn or implanted sensors that wirelessly communicate, leading either to inor on-body communications between sensors, or to off-body communications with devices located in the close vicinity. BAN’s potential applications include, among others, m-health information systems collecting...