to operate or not to operate, that is the question. In the case of a displaced diaphyseal fracture of the femur, this question is not a challenge. We do not need a randomised controlled trial to determine if intramedullary nailing of a fracture of the femur is more effective, for any outcome, than months in traction. However, some fractures do not offer such a clear clinical decision-making opp...

tau.amegroups.com © Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. Distinguishing penile ecchymosis from a true penile fracture, or a rupture through the tunical albuginea, can be a challenging clinical conundrum. A penile fracture typically occurs in the setting of blunt penile trauma to the erect penis, most often during sexual intercourse or masturbation. The characteristic sympto...

New experiments show that different combinations of translesion DNA polymerases act to bypass lesions in mammalian cells, depending on the type of DNA damage. Bypass of most lesions tested was dependent on REV3L (pol zeta) and at least one additional DNA polymerase. The data fit a model whereby DNA polymerases work sequentially to bypass adducts in DNA.

This paper distills and organizes facts about cartels from about 20 European Commission decisions over 1999-2004. It describes the properties of a collusive outcome, monitoring and punishment methods for enforcing it, the frequency of meetings, the organizational structure of cartels, and what preceded cartel formation.

Passengers operate the brakes M embers of the chromosome passenger complex (CPC) regulate kinesin motors to control how fast the mitotic spindle elongates , Rozelle et al. report. The CPC consists of the mitotic kinase Aurora B and its associated regulatory proteins. The complex localizes to kinetochores at the beginning of mitosis and regulates their attachment to the mitotic spindle. The CPC ...