objectives: according to the gateway drug theory, tobacco use is a predisposing factor for future substance abuse. this study was conducted to compare nicotine and opiate dependents to identify the differences between their personality traits and psychopathology that makes them turn to other substances after cigarette smoking. methods: a causal-comparative study was conducted. three groups were...

background illicit opiate use has an increasing incidence and prevalence, which increases mortality and morbidity, marginalization, and criminal behaviors, and causes major adverse effects on society. objectives this study aimed to investigate and follow the outcome of patients who underwent ultrarapid opiate detoxification (urod) prospectively. patients and methods in this randomized clinical ...

Purpose. The objective of this study was to document the number of controlled substance prescriptions filled by adolescents and young adult patients in the 2 years prior to presentation for opiate dependence treatment. Methods. Opiate-dependent youth (N = 125) presenting to our Medication-Assisted Treatment for Addiction program from January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2010 were identified via electron...

noradrenaline release.8.9 While clonidine and the opiates have similar effects on the locus coeruleus, clonidine appears to exert specific effects through non-opiate, alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. 6, These data suggested that the opiate-withdrawal syndrome is due to increased noradrenergic neuronal activity in areas such as the locus coeruleus which are regulated both by alpha-2 adrenergic and ...

BACKGROUND Serious health problems and socioeconomic consequences of the illicit use of opiates have been proved in both developed and developing societies. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate" The effects of opiate addiction through different administration routes on pulmonary inflammation and its severity." MATERIALS AND METHODS Our experiments were performed on eighteen adult male Syrian gol...

The aim of the present study was to find out the influence of psychopathology on abstinence from opiate addiction. A group of 54 opiate addicts with psychopathology was compared with another group of 55 opiate addicts without psychopathology. Both the groups were detoxified and followed up for a period of 12 months.Common psychopathology in opiate addicts consisted of psychopathic personality d...

An analog of human beta-endorphine with omission of four residues at positions 11, 14, 20, and 22 has been synthesized. This analog and other synthetic analogs with deletion of a single amino acid at position 2, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, or 22 have been assayed for analgesic potency, ileal opiate activity,opiate receptor-binding activity, andimmunoreactivity. Results show that deletion of a sin...

This report describes effective prolonged opiate blockade by subcutaneous depotnaltrexone (d-NTX) preparation. The d-NTX is a 1000 mg pellet inserted at opiate detoxification. The assay of effective opiate blockade was direct opiate challenge. Fifteen challenges were performed. Opiate challenges occurred from 21 to 70 days after d-NTX implantation (mean 40.9 days). All patients were refractory ...

The negative affective symptoms of opiate withdrawal powerfully motivate drug-seeking behavior and may trigger relapse to heroin abuse. To date, no medications exist that effectively relieve the negative affective symptoms of opiate withdrawal. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has been hypothesized to mediate the motivational effects of drug dependence. The CRF signal is transmit...