Significant opioid-dependent changes occur during the fourth postnatal week in supraspinal sites (rostroventral medulla [RVM], periaqueductal grey [PAG]) that are involved in the descending control of spinal excitability via the dorsal horn (DH). Here we report developmentally regulated changes in the opioidergic signalling within the PAG and DH, which further increase our understanding of pain...

We hypothesized that, in the airway mucosa, opioids are inhibitory neural modulators that cause an increase in net water absorption in the airway mucosa (as in the gut). Changes in bidirectional water fluxes across ovine tracheal mucosa in response to basolateral application of the opioid peptides beta-endorphin, dynorphin A-(1-8), and [d-Ala(2), d-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) were measured. beta...

The increase in opioidergic tone by the central administration of morphine, which binds to the mu opioid receptor, is associated with pruritus. Pruritus is a symptom of cholestasis, which appears to result, in part, from increased opioidergic tone; a central mechanism has been proposed. The single nucleotide polymorphism Al18G in exon 1 of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) gene, which codes for ...

Recent findings suggest that pain and pleasure share common neurochemical circuits, and studies in animals and humans show that opioid-mediated descending pathways can inhibit or facilitate pain. We explored the role of endogenous opioid neurotransmission in pleasure-related analgesia. μ-Opioidergic activity was blocked with 0.2 mg/kg naloxone to assess its effects on hedonic responses to pleas...

Introduction: Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) (T.p.) is widely used in folk medicine to treat many diseases. We reported the analgesic effect of T.p. flower and leaf previously. Present study is designed to find the mechanism underlying the anti-nociceptive effect of the aqueous extract of T.p. flower. Method: Based on our previous study, the dose 50 mg/kg i.p. of the T.p. aqueous extract had...

Background and Aims: The object of this study was the investigation central antinociceptive effects naringin as well association stimulation opioidergic, serotonergic, adrenergic, cholinergic (muscarinic nicotinic) receptors to analgesia mice due naringin. Methods: Several intraperitoneal doses (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) were injected into models analyzed via hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response)...

Background: Previous reports suggest flavonoids as potent analgesic compounds. Objectives: Based on these observations, the present study investigated anti-nociceptive action of troxerutin and neural interactions with opioidergic, serotoninergic, nitrergic systems in mice. Methods: A total 340 male mice were randomly divided into 2 categories. Each category included four experiments groups. In ...

Opioidergic modulation plays an important role in the control of oxytocin and vasopressin release by magnocellular neurons (MCNs) in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. We have used whole cell patch-clamp recording in acute slices of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus to study opioidergic modulation of voltage-dependent K+ currents in MCNs that are invol...

introduction: today nano-medicine tries to produce new drugs to reduce the dosage and side effects of their conventional forms. according to the interaction between zinc and opioidergic system activity, this study has investigated the effect of new kind of zinc supplement, nano zinc oxide (nzno), in compared to its conventional form (czno), in presence and absence of opioidergic system activity...