Even though the degradation of ginsenosides has been thoroughly studied in animals and in vitro using acids, enzymes, and intestinal bacteria, knowledge concerning the systemic availability of ginsenosides and their degradation products in humans is generally lacking. Therefore, the attention in this article is focused on the identification of ginsenosides and their hydrolysis products reaching...

introduction: halitosis is a common and devastating condition, which may affect up to 1/3 of the population. it can be classified either as genuine halitosis, pseudohalitosis, or halitophobia. genuine halitosis is more common and usually related to an organic pathology such as periodontitis. malodour molecules such as sulfur compounds that arise from bacterial interactions generate the basis of...

Introduction: Halitosis is a common and devastating condition, which may affect up to 1/3 of the population. It can be classified either as genuine halitosis, pseudohalitosis, or halitophobia. Genuine halitosis is more common and usually related to an organic pathology such as periodontitis. Malodour molecules such as sulfur compounds that arise from bacterial interactions generate the basis of...