Literature review There is a paucity of information on the concise relationship between endodontics and orthodontics during treatment planning decisions. This relationship ranges from effects on the pulp from orthodontic treatment and the potential for resorption during tooth movement, to the clinical management of teeth requiring integrated endodontic and orthodontic treatment. This paper revi...

background and aims. since most orthodontic patients are children and adolescents, it is believed that teachers can help find these patients and make them aware of their orthodontic problems. therefore, teachers are expected to have proper knowledge about these problems. the aim of this study was to determine teachers’ awareness about orthodontic treatments in tabriz and saqqez and compare it i...

Skeletal Class III malocclusion, with its unpredictable and unfavorable nature, has been characterized by a growth pattern with doubtful prognosis regarding orthodontic mechanics, even when performed early. For a long time, Class III malocclusion was regarded as a synonym of mandibular prognathism, regardless of the affected skeletal structures. Mandibular growth, essentially determined by gene...

Since from the introduction of cephalometric analysis in diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planninjg, it plays a major role .So many efforts have been made by various studies to standardize the values for different reces , to minimize the distortion and magnification , to create universally accepted analysis, even after this still so many limitations are there in diagnosis of orthodontic trea...

Orthodontic treatment of cases with congenitally missing unilateral or bilateral lateral incisors is always challenging in terms planning. Space management such which also present retained primary canines mind boggle an orthodontist whether to close space orthodontically, maintain the and place prosthesis. Here we are presenting a case where has been done satisfactorily teeth substitution ortho...

Occasionally, an orthodontic patient will accidentally traumatize a maxillary anterior tooth before or during orthodontic treatment. In some situations, the trauma will be substantial and avulse the tooth. In other accidents, the tooth may not avulse, but the pulp becomes nonvital. If the pulp is devitalized, and the root has not fully formed, the apex of the root canal may be wide. In this sit...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Assessment of orthodontic treatment need and demand helps in planning orthodontic services and estimating the required resources and man power. The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment need and demand and to assess the association between the orthodontic treatment demand and factors such as ITON, gender, and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Treatment nee...