Summary After a global discussion about the sense of term ‘Égyptien de tradition’, number special features classical Egyptian texts written in Late Hieratic are presented. It is demonstrated that often an orthographical innovation overlays fundamentally unchanged grammatical structure. A focus put on particles, where e. g. it writing likely to be strange orthography for particle . In verb, gemi...

In this paper, we present an automatic system for the morphosyntactic annotation and lexicographical evaluation of historical Portuguese corpora. Using rule-based orthographical normalization, we were able to apply a standard parser (PALAVRAS) to historical data (Colonia corpus) and to achieve accurate annotation for both POS and syntax. By aligning original and standardized word forms, our met...

The orthographical complexity of Chinese, Japanese and Korean (CJK) poses a special challenge to the developers of computational linguistic tools, especially in the area of intelligent information retrieval. These difficulties are exacerbated by the lack of a standardized orthography in these languages, especially the highly irregular Japanese orthography. This paper focuses on the typology of ...

The overall aim of the present study is to achieve a better understanding young instructed Swedish learners’ vocabulary knowledge in L3 French, by examining various aspects depth. Previous research has shown that this learner group’s size increases systematically, and at relatively fast pace, from grade 6 through 9 (i.e., first year studies French onwards; age 12 15). However, tests only give q...

This paper reports a longitudinal investigation into the productive vocabulary development in the written Chinese of the Cantonese-speaking elementary children in Hong Kong. Data gathering took place using two vocabulary tests which selected prescriptive vocabulary from the textbooks and the 2007 Vocabulary List. The two assessment tests also included vocabulary from the two classes of words in...

the present research aims to analyze the orthographic errors of german-speaking learners of persian at the elementary level. to do so, pieces of writing of 34 students were gathered via self-motivated method and examined based on the corpus of orthographic errors, using the frameworks proposed by keshavarz (1994) and ziahoseini (1999). 850 phonological, morphological, and orthographical errors ...