نتایج جستجو برای: osmolyte
تعداد نتایج: 803 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The ability of prostanoid receptors to regulate the volume-dependent efflux of the organic osmolyte taurine from murine fibroblasts (L cells) via a cAMP-dependent mechanism has been examined. Incubation of L cells under hypoosmotic conditions resulted in a time-dependent efflux of taurine, the threshold of release occurring at 250 mOsM. Addition of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) potently (EC(50) =...
A fresh water protozoan Paramecium multimicronucleatum adapted to a given solution was found to swell until the osmotic pressure difference between the cytosol and the solution balanced the cytosolic pressure. The cytosolic pressure was generated as the cell swelled osmotically. When either one or both of these pressures was somehow modified, cell volume would change until a new balance between...
HwHog1A/B, Hortaea werneckii homologues of the MAP kinase Hog1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are vital for the extreme halotolerance of H. werneckii. In mesophilic S. cerevisiae, Hog1 is phosphorylated already at low osmolyte concentrations, and regulates expression of a similar set of genes independent of osmolyte type. To understand how HwHog1 kinases activity is regulated in H. werneckii, w...
The effect of three osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and proline, on the interaction of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with allosteric inhibitor FAD has been examined. In the absence of osmolyte, the interaction is described by a single intrinsic dissociation constant (17.8 microM) for two equivalent and independent binding sites on the dimeric enzyme. However, the addition of...
BACKGROUND The idea that increasing salt intake increases drinking and urine volume is widely accepted. We tested the hypothesis that an increase in salt intake of 6 g/d would change fluid balance in men living under ultra-long-term controlled conditions. METHODS Over the course of 2 separate space flight simulation studies of 105 and 205 days' duration, we exposed 10 healthy men to 3 salt in...
Moeckel, Gilbert W., Li Zhang, Xiwu Chen, Michele Rossini, Roy Zent, and Ambra Pozzi. Role of integrin 1 1 in the regulation of renal medullary osmolyte concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F223–F231, 2006. First published August 16, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00371.2004.—The mechanism by which cells sense extracellular tonicity and trigger the accumulation of protective organic osmol...
We study the effect of the osmolyte, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), which accumulates in cells in response to osmotic stress, on the stability of RNA hairpins. All atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a nucleotide and the 22-nucleotide RNA hairpin P5GA in an aqueous TMAO solution show that TMAO preferentially interacts with the base through the formation of a single hydrogen bond. To cir...
It is well-known that the typical protein’s three-dimensional structure is relatively unstable in harsh conditions. A practical approach to maintain the folded state and thus improve the stability and activity of proteins in unusual circumstances is to directly apply stabilizing substances such as osmolytes to the protein-containing solutions. Osmolytes as natural occurring organic molecules ty...
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