Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin naturally occurring in different foods. OTA is arguably a risk factor for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The aims of this study are to (1) test the OTA-BEN association in BEN-groups and controls and (2) determine whether urine β2-microglobulin, a marker of impaired ability of the kidneys to re-absorb, is related to OTA. BEN patients had significantly higher ...

This paper presents design concept of Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The 0.18μm CMOS process is used for Design and Simulation of this OTA. This OTA having a bias voltage 1.8 with supply voltage 1.8 V. The design and Simulation of this OTA is done using CADENCE Spectere environment with UMC 0.18μm technology file. The Simulation results of this OTA shows that the open loop gain o...

This paper presents design concept of Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The 0.18μm CMOS process is used for design and simulation of this OTA. This OTA having a biasing current of 15.6 μA with supply voltage ±1.25 V. The design and simulation of this OTA is done using CADENCE Spectre environment with UMC 0.18 μm technology file. The simulation results of this OTA shows that the open...

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a promising solution to reduce exposure to dietary mycotoxins because of the unique mycotoxin decontaminating characteristic of some LAB. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most prominent mycotoxins found in agricultural commodities. The present work reports on the ability of Pediococcus parvulus strains that were isolated from Douro wines that spontaneously underwe...

Ochratoxin A (OTA), mainly produced by Aspergillus and Penicillum species, is one of the most important mycotoxin contaminants in agricultural products. It is detrimental to human health because of its nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and immunosuppression. OTA structurally consists of adihydrocoumarin moiety linked with l-phenylalanine via an amide bond. OTA bio...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi. Many foods can be contaminated by OTA, which is consequently found in the blood of humans and animals. It is known that OTA accumulates in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OTA on the brain. For this purpose, the effect of OTA on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits 2A (NR2A) and 2B (NR2B) in ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxin and carcinogen that is associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumors. OTA crosses the placenta and causes adducts in the liver and kidney DNA of newborns. Because the testis and kidney develop from the same embryonic tissue, we reasoned that OTA also may cause adducts transplacentally in the testis. We tested the hypothesis that acute ex...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a natural contaminant that has displayed nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mammals. It contaminates a great variety of foodstuffs and threatens people's lives. The molecular mechanism of OTA-induced toxicity has been studied since 1965. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms are also studied in OTA-induced toxicity. Additionally, the mode of OTA epigenetic research has been ad...

The article discusses the design method of operational trans-conductance amplifier-C(OTA-C) filter based on the prototype of LC filter. It gives the OTA circuit used in the filter. And it makes a detailed analysis on characteristics of OTA. A third order OTA-C filter is presented. Its cut-off frequencies can be tuned by the bias DC current of OTA. The filter is easy to integrate. The proposed O...