This research explores how well L2 motivational self systems explain language learning motivation of university students in the Turkish context. To this end, data were collected from 668 a state Turkey using 51-item questionnaire and semi-structured interviews mixed methods research. The both interview indicate an overwhelming impact experience on learners’ to learn English as foreign opposed t...

AIMS: To investigate self-discrepancies in stroke survivors and explore associations between discrepancies and distress, drawing on Higgins’s (1987) Self-Discrepancy Theory. More specifically, investigate if stroke survivors reported a change in their sense of self following stroke, if this change was related to their reported anxiety and depression, and if this relationship was mediated by the...

The current paper describes a repertory grid approach for measuring trait-based self-discrepancies. This novel method is strictly empirical and more parsimonious than extant methods for assessing self-discrepancies on personality dimensions. We demonstrated this approach by measuring discrepancies between the actual, ideal, and ought selves on the Big Five personality traits and then assessing ...

This paper focuses on the effects of activating expected self as compared to the effects of activating the ought self. The expected self is a component of self-knowledge that pertains to the perception of one's capabilities and potentials. Two experimental studies compared participants' task performance after manipulating the momentary accessibility of the expected self vs. the ought self. In S...

Regulatory focus theory delineates how people engage in self-regulation, the process of bringing oneself into alignment with one’s standards and goals. At any given point in time, people may engage in self-regulation with a promotion focus or a prevention focus. When promotion-focused, people’s growth and advancement needs motivate them to try to bring themselves into alignment with their ideal...