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It is well documented that cardiorespiratory exercise, as well as muscular strength and endurance exercise, have a positive impact on a person’s health [1]. Many positive health benefits arise from moderate intensity exercise including decreased risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke, osteoporosis, and diabetes found in individuals who engage in regular physical activity [1]. The cardiovascular ...

Running, or any aerobic training in moderation, has a positive effect on health. There is a point of diminishing returns, where chronic stress from overtraining, which is common in runners, may be linked to problems in the adrenal gland. Overtraining Syndrome (OS) has been linked with adrenal insufficiency. There is a direct link between stress and the adrenal glands, and the physical stress of...

The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview of how overtraining and the overtraining syndrome (OTS) affect the immune system of athletes. A secondary objective is to provide sports medicine clinicians with guidance as to how best to prevent and/or treat some of the health consequences of overtraining and the OTS as related to the development of a compromised immune system ass...

Recent studies have shown that endurance overtraining could result from Abstract successive and cumulative alterations in metabolism, which become chronic during training. The onset of this process is a biochemical alteration in carbohydrate (saccharide) metabolism. During endurance exercises, the amount of saccharide chains from two blood glycoproteins (α2-macroglobulin and α1-acid glycoprotei...

Exercise adaptations to strength, anaerobic and aerobic training have been extensively studied in adults, however, young people appear to respond differently to such exercise stimulus in comparison to adults. In addition, because overtraining in young athletes has received little attention, this important area is also discussed. Resistance training in children can be safe and effective. It has ...

Top-level performances in endurance sports require several years of hard training loads. A major objective of this endurance training is to reach the most elevated metabolic adaptations the athlete will be able to support. As a consequence, overtraining is a recurrent problem that highly-trained athletes may experience during their career. Many studies have revealed that overtraining could be h...

Overtraining syndrome is a condition of maladapted physiology in the setting of excessive exercise without adequate rest. The exact etiology and pathogenesis are unknown and being investigated. Symptoms are multisystem in nature and often representative of underlying hormonal, immunologic, neurologic, and psychologic disturbances. Unfortunately, systematic review of the literature does not clea...

Short-term periods of increased resistance exercise training are often used by athletes to enhance performance, and can induce functional overreaching (FOR), resulting in improved physical capabilities. Non-functional (NFOR) or overtraining syndrome (OTS), occur when demand is applied for prolonged without sufficient recovery. Overtraining (OT) describes the imbalance between recovery, diminish...

Introduction Rowers in their first year of competition have a high risk of overtraining, caused by a disbalance in training load and recovery. A typical week in the rowing season consists of 5-8 training sessions, and many first year (“freshmen”) rowers have little previous experience in competitive sports. The risk is further increased by the fact that personalization of training load is diffi...