Polycystic-appearing ovaries (PAO) on ultrasound have been described in a variety of endocrinopathies and also occur in ovulatory women. By some investigators this is merely referred to as 'PCO' (polycystic ovaries). Although there is controversy in this regard, we do not consider women with PAO/PCO who have no known endocrine disturbance to have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and therefore p...

Abstract During the SARS-COV2 pandemic (COVID-19) many studies have examined changes in women's stress, depression/anxiety, reproduction, plus post-vaccination cycle/flow changes1. Although there are retrospective basal temperature data2, we lack menstrual cycle and ovulation information during pandemic. This analysis compared two independent, similar-design, convenience/community-based, single...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder. Up to one-third of women in the UK have polycystic ovaries (i.e. 10 or more follicles per ovary detected on ultrasound), and around a third of these are thought to have the syndrome.(DTB 2001) PCOS is strongly associated with hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and obesity.(Stener-Victorin 2008) The syndrome al...

Introduction to PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition consisting of ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, defined as excess activity of testosterone and related androgen hormones. PCOS affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, and is a common cause of infertility. However, women with PCOS often suffer from more subtle disturbances in other hormone axes as well...

The changes in the serum prolactin levels during 8 ovulatory cycles, 3 anovulatory cycles, 3 clomiphene treated cycles, 4 premarin treated cycles and 2 cycles which had just become pregnant were measured by our heterologous radioimmunoassay. Serum prolactin levels showed an increase in the ovulatory phase in 6 out of 8 ovulatory women and in the luteal phase in 5 out of 8 ovulatory women respec...

The ovulatory shift hypothesis (Gangestad, Thornhill, & Garver-Apgar, 2005) makes three predictions. First, it posits that during peak fertility, women are more attracted to males who display characteristics of good genes. Secondly, it predicts that women predominantly experience ovulatory shifts when evaluating males as short-term sexual partners. Lastly, it predicts that ovulatory shifts shou...

The current study investigated whether discrimination of sexual status of female tilapia by males is mediated by olfaction. Size-matched groups of female tilapia were assigned as pre- or post-ovulatory according to the time since their last ovulation (15-19 days pre-ovulatory, N=7; 1-3 days post-ovulatory, N=8). Female-conditioned water and body fluids (urine, bile, faeces and plasma) were asse...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of uterine and systemic inflammatory responses to uterine bacterial contamination at calving in dairy cows on the growth and ovulatory outcomes of the first dominant follicle postpartum. Ovulatory capability of the first dominant follicle postpartum was predicted in 53 multiparous cows by using a combination of follicle growth characteris...

PURPOSE To determine if seizure frequency differs between anovulatory and ovulatory cycles. METHODS The data came from the 3-month baseline phase of an investigation of progesterone therapy for intractable focal onset seizures. Of 462 women who enrolled, 281 completed the 3-month baseline phase and 92 had both anovulatory and ovulatory cycles during the baseline phase. Midluteal progesterone ...

Background: Estrogens are thought to possess antioxidant properties in vivo, with estradiol being the most biologically active and available. Unlike ovulatory women, those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a relative steady-state serum estradiol concentration across a typical month. To better understand the antioxidant role of serum estradiol in premenopausal women, we evaluated biomar...