Phytophthora pathogens are responsible for some of the most serious diseases of cocoa including phytophthora pod rot (PPR) or black pod, stem canker, leaf and seedling blight, chupon wilt and flower cushion infections. PPR causes 10–30% annual losses in production of cocoa beans globally, and much higher losses locally in particularly wet and humid conditions. Stem canker causes further losses ...

abstract brown rot is one of the fungal disease in the north of iran. symptoms on infected fruit in the initiation of infection appear as small dusky spots resembling peteca. then infected tissues were removed and cultured on the parph selective medium. based on morphological characters, growth rates, growth patterns and cardinal temperatures for growth, p. parasitica as a causal agent for mand...

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a commodity produced in the developing countries of the tropics. It is mainly consumed in the middle and high income countries of the world’s temperate zone. Currently, over 50 countries are engaged in cocoa production and heavily rely only on cocoa exportation for their economic development, as this commodity contributes significantly to foreign exchange earnings....