we state several conditions under which comultiplication and weak comultiplication modulesare cyclic and study strong comultiplication modules and comultiplication rings. in particular,we will show that every faithful weak comultiplication module having a maximal submoduleover a reduced ring with a finite indecomposable decomposition is cyclic. also we show that if m is an strong comultiplicati...

It is proved that every commutative ring whose RD-injective modules are Σ-RD-injective is the product of a pure semi-simple ring and a finite ring. A complete characterization of commutative rings for which each artinian (respectively simple) module is RD-injective, is given. These results can be obtained by using the properties of RD-flat modules and RD-coflat modules which are respectively th...

We prove that if $G$ is a finite flat group scheme of $p$ power rank over perfect field characteristic $p$, then the second crystalline cohomology its classifying stack $H^2_{crys}(BG)$ recovers Dieudonn\'e module $G$. also provide calculation abelian varieties. use this to $p$-divisible symmetric algebra (in degree $2$) on module. mixed analogues some these results using prismatic cohomology.

A p-indigent module is one that subprojective only to projective modules. An RD-projective any torsionfree (and flat) module. $T$ called rdp-indigent if it In this work, we consider the structure of SRDP rings whose (simple) right $R$-modules are or torsionfree. Moreover, new characterizations P-coherent and presented by subprojectivity domains.

A prototype concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) module was designed and constructed with a low concentrating dielectric compound parabolic concentrator (DiACPC) for outdoor characterisation. The designed concentrator has acceptance half angles of 0 & 55 with a concentration ratio of 2.8. This concentrator design is suitable for building facade integration in higher latitude (>55 ) locations. A sma...

We obtain some methods to construct a (strongly) proper resolution (resp. coproper coresolution) of one end term in a short exact sequence from that of the other two terms. By using this method, we prove that for a left and right Noetherian ring R, RR satisfies the Auslander condition if and only if so does every flat left R-module, if and only if the injective dimension of the ith term in a mi...

Let R be a ring, M a right R-module, and n a fixed non-negative integer. M is called n-cotorsion if Extn+1 R N M = 0 for any flat right R-module N . M is said to be n-flat if ExtR M N = 0 for any n-cotorsion right R-module N . We prove that ( n n is a complete hereditary cotorsion theory, where n (resp. n) denotes the class of all n-flat (resp. n-cotorsion) right R-modules. Several applications...

Let p be an odd prime, and let OK be the ring of integers in a finite extension K/Qp. Breuil has classified finite flat group schemes of type (p, . . . , p) over OK in terms of linear-algebraic objects that have come to be known as Breuil modules. This classification can be extended to the case of finite flat vector space schemes G over OK . When G has rank one, the generic fiber of G correspon...

We prove that over a commutative noetherian ring the three approaches to introducing depth for complexes: via Koszul homology, via Ext modules, and via local cohomology, all yield the same invariant. Using this result, we establish a far reaching generalization of the classical AuslanderBuchsbaum formula for the depth of finitely generated modules of finite projective dimension. We extend also ...