defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

there have been a lot of arguments about body in pre-modern literature in different disciplines such as christian religious and theological debates. such debates argue that body is considered as a negative element with the potentiality of committing sin and preventing the elevation of spirit. these arguments are followed by western philosophy of mind/ body paradox, which is itself followed by o...

the misconception (shubha) of absolute nonexistent – which we have named as paradox – is not an amusing brainteaser; rather, it is one the significant epistemological issues. its importance can be looked upon from two different viewpoints: research and educational. it is significant from the research viewpoint because it challenges propositions which constitute the foundation of our thinking an...

Among lean populations, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rare. Among those with increased adiposity, CVD is the commonest cause of worldwide death. The "obesity paradox" describes seemingly contrary relationships between body fat and health/ill-health. Multiple obesity paradoxes exist, and include the anatomic obesity paradox, physiologic obesity paradox, demographic obesity paradox, therapeutic...

In 1922, Thoralf Skolem published a paper entitled “Some Remarks on Axiomatized Set Theory.” The paper presents a new proof of a model-theoretic result originally due to Leopold Löwenheim and then discusses some philosophical implications of this result. In the course of this latter discussion, the paper introduces a model-theoretic puzzle that has come to be known as “Skolem’s Paradox.” Over t...

A number of arguments, including (Whittle 2004), (Field 2008), (Shapiro 2012), and (Beall & Murzi 2012), have been put forward for the claim that logical validity is plagued by a paradox (or paradoxes) similar to the more well-known paradoxes that afflict notions such as truth, knowledge, or set. These claims are incorrect. As I will show here, there is no paradox of logical validity. In additi...

Parrondo’s paradox occurs in sequences of games in which a winning expectation value of a payoff may be obtained by playing two games in a random order, even though each game in the sequence may be lost when played individually. Several variations of Parrondo’s games apparently with the same paradoxical property have been introduced [5]; history dependence, one dimensional line, two dimensional...

In the last decade, with the publication of his Complete Works, there has been renewed interest in Walras’s methodology, mostly in the French economic literature. In particular, some scholars have argued that Walras characteristically confused positive and normative statements, a mistake all the more surprising given his impressive knowledge of philosophy (the so-called ‘Walras paradox’). This ...

secret is one of the key notions in studying the content of ibn 'arabi's mysticism. secret is a divine bounty which conferred upon the creatures by god and indicates a path stretching byond the reason. as an extension of secret god can be experienced by the mystic. of course undestanding god is a matter of faith and intuition and does not fit the medium of reason. the limits of langua...