The research had shown variation in immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHA) constant region and its resistance to gastrointestinal parasites. The variation in caprine IGHA gene which encode for hinge region results in variation in flexibility of Immunoglobulin. A molecule in recognising parasitic epitopes and subsequent immune response. This result in structurally and functionally different IgA molec...

1. The effect of natural variation in abiotic conditions on the herbivory interaction between Prunur mahaleb (Rosaceae) and its monophagous folivore, larvae of Yponomeuta mahalebella (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), was analysed for 2 consecutive years along an elevational gradient in Sierra de Cazorla, south-east Spain. 2. There was a negative correlation between site elevation and mean populatio...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of some commercially available biopesticidal formulations, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (2g/l), sphaericus(2g/l), Beauveria bassiana (5g/l), Metarhizium anisopliae Lecanicillium lecanii (5g/l) on Temperature Tolerant strain Trichogramma chilonis (TTT). Two sets conducted, in first experiment, all test biopesticides spr...


 The experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Karnal to ascertain the influence of prevailing meteorological parameters on population dynamics Chilo partellus and its natural enemies maize during Kharif, 2017. Maximum oviposition (0.75 egg masses per plant) recorded 28th standard week (SMW) whereas larval peak 31st SMW (3.8 larvae plant). ...

biological indicators are species that can be employed to monitor environmental quality and ecosystem health. different groups of organisms such as plants, animals, bacteria and parasites regularly produce certain molecular signal in response to changes in their environmental milieu. parasites are important tools for providing wealth of information on physicochemical quality, environmental stre...

Chronic orbital inflammatory disease (COID) is usually considered non-infectious and idiopathic. Treatment is empirical, palliative, and may not prevent disease progression. COID occurs in isolation or in association with various systemic diseases. Exophthalmos may be an important presenting sign. Vasculitis, lymphoid infiltrates, and granulomas are common. Mollicute-like organisms (MLO) parasi...