in order to ensure the safety of parenterals, international pharmacopoeias and national standards have set up stringent guidelines and standards. particulate con- tamination is a potential health risk caused by intravenous injection of particles large enough to potentially clog the small arteries. particles could be produced through manufacturing and packaging or even dispensing of the pharmace...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of particulate and non-particulate steroids in patients receiving epidural steroid injections remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of particulate and non-particulate steroids in patients receiving epidural injections for radicular pain over 3 months. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We rev...

backgrounds and objectives: the dispersion of particulate matter has been known as the most serious environmental pollution of cement plants. in the present work, dispersion of the particulate matter from stack of kerman cement plant was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (cfd) modeling.materials and methods: in order to study the dispersion of particulate matter from the stack, a ...

bioaerosols are the most significant risk for exposed people leads to infectious diseases. this study was aimed at evaluation of physical and microscopic characteristics and submicron particulate filtration efficiency of surgical masks used in hospitals throughout iran. five types of domestic (zist filter, elhamteb and arman masks) and imported (blosom, face masks) surgical masks were tested se...

A >7-year, time-series, epidemiologic study is ongoing in Spokane, Washington, to examine the associations between ambient particulate constituents or sources and health outcomes such as emergency department (ED) visits for asthma or respiratory problems. One of the hypotheses being tested is that particulate toxic metals are associated with these health outcomes. Spokane is a desirable city in...

introduction: air pollution is one of the problems of the recent century caused by vehicles, industries and other urban activities. the city of yazd faces air pollution due to its high population, vehicular traffic and industrial places around the city. one of the important parameters of air pollution is suspended air particles that have harmful effects on the health of people, plants and objec...

Background: Alginate materials have been widely employed for biomedical applications ranging from wound healing to cancer treatment. However, how alginate materials affect the immune system is largely unknown. Objective: To explore the impact of alginate materials on immune system. Methods: The effect of three types of alginate materials, low viscosity, high viscosity and particulate alginate, ...

n Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we measured airborne particulate matter (PM) during winter 1998-1999, taking daily average measurements at an urban background site, at a busy street, and at a motorway. Comparison of black smoke, PM(10), and PM(1.0) levels showed that daily averages were highly correlated over time. Median daily concentrations were elevated at sites affected by traffic. The highes...

background: contemporary development of growing urban communities and increasing the economical and industrial activities in the current century without paying attention to assess the effect of these activities on human health, as the axis of the development, is caused urban air pollution and risks from different pollutant emissions. tehran air pollution has received considerable media coverage...