Yersinia enterocolitica strains comprise an important group of bacterial enteropathogens that cause a broad range of gastrointestinal syndromes. Three groups are distinguishable within this bacterial species, namely, the nonpathogenic group (biotype 1A strains), the low-pathogenicity, non-mouse-lethal group (biotypes 2 to 5), and the high-pathogenicity, mouse-lethal group (biotype 1B). To date,...

We describe the complete sequence of the 15.9-kb staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes B, K, and Q. The island, which meets the generally accepted definition of pathogenicity islands, contains 24 open reading frames potentially encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids, including an apparently functional integrase. The element is bordered by two...

a total of ten isolates of fungi with rhizoctonia-like mycelia were obtained from infected roots and stems of pistachio pistacia vera grown in a commercial nursery in rafsanjan, iran, during the autumn of 2011. the infected seedlings showed symptoms of chlorosis that later turned to necrosis. all of the isolates were identified as binucleate rhizoctonia on the basis of hyphal characteristics an...

background and aims: the caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. in this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of h5n1 and h9n2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. materials and methods: amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from ncbi. the caspase cleavage mot...

background in the influenza a viruses, neuraminidase (na), hemagglutinin (ha), pb2, ns1 and m are responsible for the disease pathogenicity. the mechanism of pathogenicity differs among these viruses. binding of host proteases by the viral na, sequence of ha in the cleavage and receptor-binding sites, number of oligosaccharide side chains of ha, shortening of na, and substitutions in pb2, ns1 a...

background: given the fact that bruxism is a prevalent oral habit among children and a potential destructor of oral tissues, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between intestinal parasitic infections and bruxism among kindergarten children. methods: questionnaires were administered among parents of kindergarten children in isfahan to select 50 children identified by their p...

The study of phylogenetic groups and pathogenicity island (PAI) markers in commensal Escherichia coli strains from asymptomatic Chinese people showed that group A strains are the most common and that nearly half of all fecal strains which were randomly selected harbor PAIs.

Abstract Small GTPases of the Rab family play important roles in membrane trafficking and autophagy. Previous studies have shown that small GTPase Sec4 is involved vegetative growth, protein secretion, pathogenicity fungal phytopathogens. In this study, BcSec4, an ortholog yeast Sec4p protein, was characterized Botrytis cinerea . The ΔBcSEC4 mutant produces many abnormal conidiophores; it thus ...

In the AbstractIn sentence beginning with “Pathogenicity test was conducted by inoculating healthy 6 weeks old tomato plants conidial suspension of Cladosporium tenuissimum ...”, term “conidial suspension” should have read “fungal suspension”.The correct is:“Pathogenicity fungal and Koch’s postulates were fulfilled phytopathogen re-isolation identification.”

The effect of mutations of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) gene, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and phosphoprotein (P) gene and HN chimeras between the virulent Beaudette C and low virulence LaSota strains on pathogenesis and pathogenicity was examined in fully susceptible chickens. A virulent F cleavage site motif within a LaSota backbone increased pathogenicity and severity o...