background: intrapulmonary vascular abnormalities associated with liver cirrhosis may result in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt and hypoxemia. the aim of this study was to use contrast enhanced echocardiography to detect intrapulmonary vascular abnormalities in patients with liver cirrhosis candidates for liver transplantation.   methods: one hundred and two adult patients underwent contrast...

Introduction:  In patients who underwent surgery to repair Tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular dilation from pulmonary regurgitation may be result in right ventricular failure, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Hence, pulmonary valve replacement may be necessary to reduce right ventricular volume overload. The aim of present study was to assess the effects of pulmonary valve replacement on rig...

In this short article, we observe that the path of particle of mass $m$ moving along $mathbf{r}= mathbf{r}(t)$ under pseudo-force $mathbf{A}(t)$, $t$ denotes the time, is given by $mathbf{r}_d= int(frac{dmathbf{r}}{dt} mathbf{A}(t)) dt +mathbf{c}$. We also observe that the effective force $mathbf{F}_e$ on that particle due to pseudo-force $mathbf{A}(t)$, is given by $ mathbf{F}_e= mathbf{F} mat...

right ventricular failure due to right coronary artery disease, right ventricular hypertrophy, stunning, abnormal septal motion, myocardial infarction, or non-homogeneous distribution of cardioplegia is an uncommon but serious complication of open heart surgery. we report a patient with severe right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to severe mitral valve stenosis and another patient with detac...

Introduction: Trauma is the 3rd major cause of death in urban areas, and cardiac penetrating injury is one of the most important causes of it. Vital signs, mechanism of injury and cardiac tamponad are the important prognostic factors in this patients. At about 70% of alive injured patients have not any clinical symptoms related to cardiac injury, for this reason early diagnosis according to c...